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Dr Livia Schubiger

This course is available on the MSc in Women, Peace and Security. This course is available with permission as an outside option to students on other programmes where regulations permit.

This course introduces students to the social-scientific analysis of violence, governance, and mobilization in intra-state armed conflict and civil wars. The primary focus lies on how armed groups interact with the civilian population and how they mobilize followers, how and why armed groups’ internal institutions and their strategies of violence vary across conflicts, and what the consequences of these patterns and arrangements are. The course engages with a variety of theoretical and empirical approaches that will familiarize students not only with cutting-edge research on these issues, but also their relation to ‘big debates’ in conflict research and comparative politics. Students are introduced, in particular, to the following core themes:

• Recruitment and Mobilization in Armed Conflict: The course assesses the insights and limitations of existing research in uncovering the incentives of groups and communities to engage in violent collective action, the choices of ordinary citizens to join insurgent or counterinsugent armed groups, as well as the strategies of armed group leaders to enlarge their constituencies.
• Order and Governance in Civil War: Students are introduced to a novel research agenda that has started to explore how social and political order is established in times of civil war, when and how armed groups aspire to govern the daily lives of civilians, and why some armed groups manage to establish and maintain high levels of internal cohesion and control while others do not.
• Causes and Consequences of Wartime Violence against Civilians: The course critically reviews theories and recent empirical studies that have set out to explain the puzzling variation in violence against civilians across conflicts, armed groups, and over time, as well as the consequences of civilian victimization for subsequent conflict dynamics and post-conflict recovery.

Empirically, the course engages with both quantitative and qualitative studies and a wide variety of ongoing, recent, and historical cases from civil wars around the globe, including the conflicts in Colombia, El Salvador, Northern Ireland, Peru, Sierra Leone, and Syria, among others.

10 hours of lectures and 15 hours of seminars in the LT.

Lent term: 10 x 1 hour lectures, 10 x 1.5 hour seminars. There will be a reading week in week 6.

• 1 presentation: The presentations critically assess and compare the theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions of selected mandatory and/or recommended readings for one specific course topic and/or case.
• 1 essay: The essay (1000 words) proposes an original argument related to one of the course subjects.

Cederman, Lars-Erik, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch and Halvard Buhaug. 2013. Inequality, Grievances and Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kalyvas, Stathis N. and Laia Balcells. 2010. "International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict." American Political Science Review 104(3):415-429.

Kalyvas, Stathis N. and Matthew Kocher Kocher. 2007. "How `Free' Is Free Riding in Civil Wars? Violence, Insurgency, and the Collective Action Problem." World Politics 59(2):177-216.

Jentzsch, Corinna, Stathis N. Kalyvas and Livia I. Schubiger. 2015. "Militias in Civil Wars." Journal of Conflict Resolution 59(5): 755-769

Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian. 2011. Rebel Rulers. Insurgent Governance and Civilian Life during War. Cornell University Press.

Schubiger, Livia I and Matthew Zelina. 2017. "Ideology in Armed Groups." PS: Political Science & Politics, 2017, 50(4): 948-952.

Schubiger, Livia I and David Sulmont. 2018. “Civil Wars and their Consequences: The Peruvian Armed Conflict in Comparative Perspective” Forthcoming in: Soifer, H. D., & Vergara, A. (eds.). Politics After Violence: Legacies of the Shining Path Conflict in Peru. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Staniland, Paul. 2014a. Networks of Rebellion: Explaining Insurgent Cohesion and Collapse. Cornell University Press.

Viterna, Jocelyn. 2013. Women in War. The Micro-Processes of Mobilization in El Salvador. Oxford University Press.

Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2007. Inside Rebellion. The Politics of Insurgent Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2003. Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wood, Elisabeth Jean. 2008. "The Social Processes of Civil War: The Wartime Transformation of Social Networks." Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci. 2008 11:539-561.

Exam (100%, duration: 2 hours) in the summer exam period.