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Dr Paul Mitchell

This course is available on the BA in Social Anthropology, BSc in History and Politics, BSc in International Social and Public Policy with Politics, BSc in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, BSc in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (with a Year Abroad), BSc in Politics, BSc in Politics and Data Science, BSc in Politics and Economics, BSc in Politics and History, BSc in Politics and International Relations, BSc in Politics and Philosophy and BSc in Social Anthropology. This course is not available as an outside option nor to General Course students.

This course is capped at two groups.

Students may find it helpful to have completed Introduction to Political Science (GV101).

How can we design, build and sustain 'democracies' in less than ideal circumstances? We will explore societies torn apart by political violence and ethnic conflict. The main purpose is to diagnose the central problems, and examine what political responses are most appropriate. The first part of the course mostly looks at the problems, in particular political violence. We consider the likely futures for Iraq, Kurdistan and Islamic State. What are the justifications for political violence? How much political violence is there and what are the main types and trends? We shall examine the strategies terrorism and suicide terrorism. Since the end of the cold war, almost all wars are ‘civil wars’ and we will consider what causes civil wars, what sustains them (why do some last much longer than others?), and how do they end?

The second part of the course shifts the focus of attention to ‘solutions’ and policy responses to divided societies and failing states. Informed responses might include: intervention, mediation and peace agreements; power-sharing and constitutional design; territorial management of conflict; transitional justice; elections, party systems and institutions for governing divided societies.

This course is delivered through a combination of classes and lectures totalling a minimum of 35 hours in the Autumn Term. There will be a Reading Week in Week 6.

Students will be expected to produce 1 project in the AT.

Formative  - one short project proposal - which should be a research design plan for the project. Students will receive written and verbal feedback on the viability and quality of their proposal, but it will not be graded. It is feedback and advice, not part of summative assessment. The deadline will be week 7, just after reading week in week 6. Length 1000 words. Pedagogically, preparation of the research proposal combined with advice and feedback will help improve the quality of the final project.

• Paul Collier (2010), Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. London: Vintage.
• Lars-Erik Cederman, Kristian Gleditsch and Halvard Buhaug (2013), Inequality, Grievances and Civil War. Cambridge University Press.
• Jonathan Tonge (2014), Comparative Peace Processes. London: Polity.
• Brendan O'Leary (2009), How to Get Out of Iraq with Integrity. Penn: University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Fortna, Virginia Page (2015), ‘Do Terrorists Win? Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes’, International Organization 69, 519-556.
• Arend Lijphart (2008), Thinking about Democracy: Power-Sharing and Majority Rule in Theory and Practice.  Routledge.
• Butenschon, Nils, Oyvind Stiansen and Kare Vollan (2015, eds). Power-Sharing in Conflict-Ridden Societies.  London: Routledge (cases studies of Burindi, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Bosnia, Nepal, Myammar, Fiji and the Philippines).
• Casperson, Nina (2017). Peace Agreements. London: Polity (chapter 3, 6).
• Horowitz, Michael (2015), The Rise and Spread of Suicide Bombing’, Annual Review of  Political Science 18: 69-84.
• Gilligan, Michael and Ernest Sergenti (2008), ‘Do UN Interventions Cause Peace? Using Matching to Improve Causal Inference’, Quarterly Journal of Political Science 3:89-122.
• Adeney, Katherine (2017) ‘Does ethnofederalism explain the success of Indian federalism?’, India Review 16.1.
• Jan Krause, Werner Krause and Piia Branfors (2018), ‘Women’s Participation in Peace Negotiations and the Durability of Peace’, International Interactions 44:5, 985-1016.
• Vinjamuri, Leslie and Jack Snyder (2015), ‘Law and Politics in Transitional Justice’, Annual  Review of Political Science 18: 303-327.
• Brancati, Dawn and Jack Snyder (2012), ‘Time to Kill: The Impact of Election Timing on Postconflict Stability’,  Journal of Conflict Resolution.
• Brownlee, Jason, Tarek Masoud and Andrew Reynolds (2015), The Arab Spring: Pathways  of Repression and Reform. Oxford University Press.

A full reading list will be available on Moodle.

Project (80%, 4000 words) in January.
Presentation (20%) in the AT.

As a final year course, the aim is to have a 'research output' as the main method of assessment in the form of a mini-project. This will be similar to the shorter 'research notes' sections of many academic journals and should not exceed 4,000 words. 

Students will also each make one seminar presentation, on which they will receive feedback and a grade.