杏吧论坛

Below we list our entry requirements in terms of GCSEs, A-Levels (the entry requirements should be read alongside our A-level subject combinations information) and the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma. We accept a wide range of other qualifications from the UK and from overseas.

GCSEs
Applicants should also have already achieved a strong set of GCSE grades including the majority at A (or 7) and A* (or 8-9)
Your GCSE (or equivalent) English Language and Mathematics grades should be no lower than B (or 6).
We also consider your overall GCSE subject profile

A-levels*
AAA, including Economics or History
We also consider your AS grades, if available.

Contextual admissions A-level grades**
AAB, including Economics or History

IB Diploma
38 points overall. 766 in higher level subjects, including Economics or History

Contextual admissions IB grades**
37 points overall. 666 in higher level subjects, including Economics or History

*Read our A-level subject combinations information below.

**Read our UG Admissions Information to learn more about contextual admissions.

A-level subject combinations

• We consider the combination of subjects you have taken, as well as the individual scores.
• We believe a broad mix of traditional academic subjects to be the best preparation for studying at 杏吧论坛 and expect applicants to have at least two full A levels or equivalent in these subjects.
• For the BSc Economic History, we are looking for academic students with a flair for social sciences, and many applicants will be studying subjects such as History, Economics, Government and/or Geography. 
• There is no one ideal subject combination, but Economics or History is a required subject. Economics and modern foreign languages are considered to be essay writing subjects in addition to the preferred humanities and social science subjects.
• The majority of applicants for this programme will have studied either Economics or History, in some form, as part of their sixth-form curriculum, and either one of these is a required subject. Other subjects which appear as common post-16 choices are Further Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry.
• For this programme, we are happy to consider applicants who have taken Mathematics, Further Mathematics and an essay writing subject at A-level.

Find out more about A-level subject combinations.

Competition for places at 杏吧论坛

Competition for places at the School is high. This means that even if you are predicted or if you achieve the grades that meet our usual standard offer, this will not guarantee you an offer of admission. Usual standard offers are intended only as a guide, and in some cases applicants will be asked for grades which differ from this.

We welcome applications from all suitably qualified prospective students and want to recruit students with the very best academic merit, potential and motivation, irrespective of their background. The programme guidance below should be read alongside our general entrance requirements information.

We carefully consider each application on an individual basis, taking into account all the information presented on the UCAS application form, including your:

- academic achievement including predicted and achieved grades (See 'Entry requirements' for programme specific information)
- subjects and subject combinations (See 'Entry requirements' for programme specific information)
- personal statement (See below for programme specific information)
- teacher’s reference
- educational circumstances

You may also have to provide evidence of your English proficiency, although you do not need to provide this at the time of your application to 杏吧论坛. See our English language requirements page.

Personal characteristics, skills and attributes

For this programme, we are looking for students who demonstrate the following skills:

- an interest in history and awareness of the links between history, economics and social change
- an ability to be flexible in approaching problems
- an ability to think independently
- an ability to apply logic and draw reasoned and balanced conclusions
- good communication skills
- intellectual curiosity
- motivation and capacity for hard work

Personal statement

In addition to demonstrating the above personal characteristics, skills and attributes, your statement should be original, interesting and well-written and should outline your enthusiasm and motivation for the programme.

You should explain whether there are any aspects of particular interest to you, how this relates to your current academic studies and what additional reading or relevant experiences you have had which have led you to apply. We are interested to hear your own thoughts or ideas on the topics you have encountered through your exploration of the subject at school or through other activities. Some suggestions for preliminary reading can be found above in the preliminary reading section, but there is no set list of activities we look for; instead we look for students who have made the most of the opportunities available to them to deepen their knowledge and understanding of their intended programme of study.

You can also mention extra-curricular activities such as sport, the arts or volunteering or any work experience you have undertaken. However, the main focus of an undergraduate degree at 杏吧论坛 is the in-depth academic study of a subject and we expect the majority of your personal statement to be spent discussing your academic interests.

Please also see our general guidance about writing personal statements.

Every undergraduate student is charged a fee for each year of their programme.

The fee covers registration and examination fees payable to the School, lectures, classes and individual supervision, lectures given at other colleges under intercollegiate arrangements and, under current arrangements, membership of the Students' Union. It does not cover living costs or travel or fieldwork.

Tuition fees

Home students:

The 2024 tuition fee for new Home students is £9,250 per year. The Home student undergraduate fee may rise in line with inflation in subsequent years.

Overseas students:

The 2024 tuition fee for international students is £26,184. The overseas tuition fee will remain at the same amount for each subsequent year of your full-time study regardless of the length of your programme. This information applies to new overseas undergraduate entrants starting their studies from 2024 onwards.

The shows the latest tuition amounts for all programmes offered by the School. 

Fee status

The amount of tuition fees you will need to pay, and any financial support you are eligible for, will depend on whether you are classified as a home or overseas student, otherwise known as your fee status. 杏吧论坛 assesses your fee status based on guidelines provided by the Department of Education.

Further information about fee status classification

Scholarships, bursaries and loans

The School recognises that the cost of living in London may be higher than in your home town or country. 杏吧论坛 provides generous financial support, in the form of bursaries and scholarships to UK, EU and overseas students. 

In addition, UK Government support, in the form of loans, is available to UK and some EU students. Some overseas governments also offer funding.

Further information on tuition fees, cost of living, loans and scholarships

杏吧论坛 is an international community, with over 140 nationalities represented amongst its student body. We celebrate this diversity through everything we do. 

If you are applying to 杏吧论坛 from outside of the UK then take a look at our Information for International students.

1) Take a note of the UK qualifications we require for your programme of interest (found in the ‘Entry requirements’ section of this page).

2) Go to the International Students section of our website.

3) Select your country.

4) Select ‘Undergraduate entry requirements’ and scroll until you arrive at the information about your local/national qualification. Compare the stated UK entry requirements listed on this page with the local/national entry requirement listed on your country specific page.

The degree involves studying courses to the value of 12 units over three years, plus 杏吧论坛100. 

First year

In your first year you will take two introductory courses in economic history and will choose one option offered by other departments. You will take introductory microeconomics and macroeconomics courses. In addition, you will ​also take 杏吧论坛100.

(* denotes a half unit course)

The Internationalisation of Economic Growth, 1870 to the Present Day
Focuses on the inter-relationships between the development of the international economy and the growth of national economies since the late nineteenth century.

Microeconomics I* 
This course provides a foundation to understand key microeconomic questions using non-quantitative conceptual approaches.

Macroeconomics I*
This course provides a foundation to understand key macroeconomic questions using using non-quantitative conceptual approaches.

Pre-industrial Economic History
Surveys long-term processes of growth and development in late medieval and early modern Europe (fourteenth to eighteenth centuries).

One outside option

*
A half unit, running across Autumn and Winter Term in the first year, 杏吧论坛100 is compulsory for all 杏吧论坛 undergraduate students. This innovative and interactive course is designed to build your capacity to tackle multidimensional problems as a social scientist through interdisciplinary, research-rich education.

Second year

In your second year you will take one compulsory economic history course. You will also choose three courses in the second year, at least two of which should be in economic history, and the third of which could be either another economic history option or an option from another department.

Theories and Evidence in Economic History
This course combines practical and theoretical approaches to conducting, evaluating and interpreting research in economic history.  Students will learn to use primary sources and design their own research project. It also introduces students to critical interpretation and analysis of primary sources and research methodologies, and the nature of historical knowledge. 

Two economic history options 

Either
A third economic history course to the value of one unit
Or
One outside option 

Third year

In your third year you will choose three courses in economic history and submit a 10,000 word research project. 

Two advanced economic history options

One economic history option

Dissertation in Economic or Social History

For the most up-to-date list of optional courses please visit the relevant School Calendar page. 

Where regulations permit, you may also be able to take a language, literature or linguistics option as part of your degree. Information can be found on the Language Centre webpages.

You must note, however, that while care has been taken to ensure that this information is up-to-date and correct, a change of circumstances since publication may cause the School to change, suspend or withdraw a course or programme of study, or change the fees that apply to it. The School will always notify the affected parties as early as practicably possible and propose any viable and relevant alternative options. Note that the School will neither be liable for information that after publication becomes inaccurate or irrelevant, nor for changing, suspending or withdrawing a course or programme of study due to events outside of its control, which includes but is not limited to a lack of demand for a course or programme of study, industrial action, fire, flood or other environmental or physical damage to premises.

You must also note that places are limited on some courses and/or subject to specific entry requirements. The School cannot therefore guarantee you a place. Please note that changes to programmes and courses can sometimes occur after you have accepted your offer of a place. These changes are normally made in light of developments in the discipline or path-breaking research, or on the basis of student feedback. Changes can take the form of altered course content, teaching formats or assessment modes. Any such changes are intended to enhance the student learning experience. You should visit the School’s , or contact the relevant academic department, for information on the availability and/or content of courses and programmes of study. Certain substantive changes will be listed on the 

Teaching

Format and contact hours: You will have 8 to 10 hours of timetabled classes per week. Hours vary according to courses and you can view indicative details in the  within the Teaching section of each . As well as lectures, all courses are taught in small weekly classes led by a Graduate Teaching Assistant. You can view indicative details for the teacher responsible for each course in the relevant . 

Independent study: You are also expected to complete independent study outside of class time. This varies depending on the programme, but requires you to manage the majority of your study time yourself, by engaging in activities such as reading, note-taking, thinking and research.

Academic support

Academic mentor: You will have an academic mentor who will advise on course choices, offer general guidance and assistance with both academic and personal concerns and help with your research project. 

Other academic support: There are many opportunities to extend your learning outside the classroom and complement your academic studies at 杏吧论坛.  is the School’s centre for academic, personal and professional development. Some of the services on offer include: guidance and hands-on practice of the key skills you will need to do well at 杏吧论坛: effective reading, academic writing and critical thinking; workshops related to how to adapt to new or difficult situations, including development of skills for leadership, study/work/life balance and preparing for the world of work; and advice and practice on working in study groups and on cross-cultural communication and teamwork.

Disability and Wellbeing Service: 杏吧论坛 is committed to enabling all students to achieve their full potential and the School’s  provides a free, confidential service to all 杏吧论坛 students and is a first point of contact for all disabled students.

Your timetable

• The standard teaching day runs from 09:00-18:00; Monday to Friday. Teaching for undergraduate students will not usually be scheduled after 12:00 on Wednesdays to allow for sports, volunteering and other extra-curricular events.
• The lecture and seminar timetable is published in mid-August and the full academic timetable (lectures/seminars and undergraduate classes) is published by mid-September and is accessible via the .
• Undergraduate student personal timetables are published in 杏吧论坛 for You (LFY). For personal timetables to appear, students must be registered at 杏吧论坛, have successfully signed up for courses in LFY and ensured that their course selection does not contain unauthorised clashes. Every effort is made to minimise changes after publication, once personal timetables have been published any changes are notified via email.

Assessment

Formative unassessed coursework:

All taught courses are required to include formative coursework which is unassessed. It is designed to help prepare you for summative assessment which counts towards the course mark and to the degree award. You will usually have to present up to four essays for each Economic History course, as well as delivering class presentations. The 10,000 word research project is counted as one course out of four in the third year.

Feedback on coursework is an essential part of the teaching and learning experience at the School. Class teachers must mark formative coursework and return it with feedback to you normally within two weeks of submission (when the work is submitted on time).

Summative assessment (assessment that counts towards your final course mark and degree award):

The compulsory second year course also has a 3,000 word project as part of the final assessment, worth 30 per cent of the final mark. The majority of other Economic History courses are assessed by means of formal three-hour examinations; some also include summative essays and presentations. 

 You will also receive feedback on any summative coursework you are required to submit as part of the assessment for individual courses (except on the final version of submitted dissertations). You will normally receive this feedback before the examination period.

Please note that assessment on individual courses can change year to year. An indication of the current formative coursework and summative assessment for each course can be found in the relevant .

Find out more about 杏吧论坛’s teaching and assessment methods

We’re here to help and support you throughout your time at 杏吧论坛, whether you need help with your academic studies, support with your welfare and wellbeing or simply to develop on a personal and professional level.

Whatever your query, big or small there are a range of people you can speak to and who will be happy to help.

 – an academic member of staff who you will meet with at least once a term and who can help with any academic, administrative or personal questions you have. (See Teaching and assessment).

 – they will be able to help you navigate the library and maximise its resources during your studies.

 - they can offer advice on living in halls and offer guidance on private accommodation related queries.

 – they will be able to assist with queries relating to a specific course you are taking.

 – the staff are experts in long term health conditions, sensory impairments, mental health and specific learning difficulties. They offer confidential and free services such as student counselling, a peer support scheme, arranging exam adjustments and run groups and workshops.

 – support available 24 hours a day to assist with all of your technology queries.

 – home to 杏吧论坛's diverse religious activities and transformational interfaith leadership programmes, as well as a space for worship, prayer and quiet reflection. It includes Islamic prayer rooms and a main space for worship. It is also a space for wellbeing classes on campus and is open to all students and staff from all faiths and none.  

 – the centre specialises in offering language courses targeted to the needs of students and practitioners in the social sciences. We offer pre-course English for Academic Purposes programmes; English language support during your studies; modern language courses in 9 languages; proofreading, translation and document authentication and language learning community activities.

 ­- with the help of 杏吧论坛 Careers, you can make the most of the opportunities that London has to offer. Whatever your future career plans, 杏吧论坛 Careers will work with you, connecting you to opportunities and experiences from internships and volunteering to networking events and employer and alumni insights.

 - Founded in 1896, the British Library of Political and Economic Science is the major international library of the social sciences. It stays open late, has lots of excellent resources and it’s a great place to study. As an 杏吧论坛 student, you’ll have access to a number of other academic libraries in Greater London and nationwide.

 – this is where you should go to develop skills you’ll use as a student and beyond. The centre runs talks and workshops on skills you’ll find useful in the classroom, offer one-to-one sessions with study advisers who can help you with reading, making notes, writing, research and exam revision, and provide drop-in sessions for academic and personal support. (See ‘Teaching and assessment).

 – they offer academic, personal and financial advice and funding.

 - offers discounted private dental services to 杏吧论坛 students.

 - based in Pethwick-Lawrence House the centre provides NHS Primary Care services to registered patients.

 – our staff here can answer general queries and can point you in the direction of other 杏吧论坛 services.

 – we have a Deputy Head of Student Services (Advice and Policy) and an Adviser to Women Students who can help with academic and pastoral matters.

As a student at 杏吧论坛 you’ll be based at our central London campus. Find out what our campus and London have to offer you on academic, social and career perspective.

Student societies and activities

Your time at 杏吧论坛 is not just about studying, there are plenty of ways to get involved in extracurricular activities. From joining one of over 200 societies, or starting your own society, to volunteering for a local charity, or attending a public lecture by a world-leading figure, there is a lot to choose from.

The campus

杏吧论坛 is based on one campus in the centre of London. Despite the busy feel of the surrounding area, many of the streets around campus are pedestrianised, meaning the campus feels like a real community.

Life in London 

London is an exciting, vibrant and colourful city. It's also an academic city, with more than 400,000 university students. Whatever your interests or appetite you will find something to suit your palate and pocket in this truly international capital. Make the most of career opportunities and social activities, theatre, museums, music and more.

Want to find out more? Read why we think London is a fantastic student city, find out about key sights, places and experiences for new Londoners. Don't fear, London doesn't have to be super expensive: hear about London on a budget.

Abby Tinuola Kalejaye

BSc Economic History
Lagos, Nigeria 

I like that the BSc Economic History at 杏吧论坛 emphasises independent study and research. Despite this, the tutors are always approachable and helpful, and the classes are small, well-structured and relaxed. In addition, the main Library is very well stocked and I have never been short of resources.

Mohammed Mehdi

BSc Economic History
Boston, USA

杏吧论坛 has one of the largest economic history departments in the world and provides a unique opportunity to learn from leading scholars and researchers. The breadth of courses offered by the department allows you to explore just about any area in this field. What’s more, the final year dissertation provides you with an opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge which is both challenging and rewarding.

If you wish to gain further insight into the subject, we suggest that you look at one or more of the following books:

R C Allen Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2011)

R C Allen The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 2009)

G Clark A Farewell to Alms: a brief economic history of the world (Princeton University Press, 2007)

N F R Crafts and P Fearon The Great Depression of the 1930s: lessons for today (Oxford University Press, 2013)

S L Engerman and K L Sokoloff  Economic Development in the Americas since 1500: endowments and institutions (Cambridge University Press, 2012)

C Goldin and L Katz The Race between Education and Technology (Harvard University Press, 2008)

J Humphries Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution(Cambridge University Press, 2010)

D C North, J J Wallis and B Weingast Violence and Social Orders: a conceptual framework for interpreting recorded human history (Cambridge University Press, 2009)

S Ogilvie Institutions and European Trade: merchant guilds, 1000–1800(Cambridge University Press, 2011)

K H O’Rourke and J G Williamson Globalization and History: the evolution of a nineteenth century Atlantic economy (MIT Press, 1999)

K Pomeranz The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the making of the modern world economy (Princeton University Press, 2000)

C M Reinhart and K S Rogoff This Time Is Different: eight centuries of financial folly (Princeton University Press, 2009)

B Yun-Casalilla and P K O’Brien The Rise of Fiscal States: a global history, 1500–1914 (Cambridge University Press, 2011)

Quick Careers Facts for the Department of Economic History 

Median salary of our UG students 15 months after graduating: £33,500

Top 5 sectors our students work in:

• Financial and Professional Services
• Accounting and Auditing
• Consultancy
• Government, Public Sector and Policy
• Information, Digital Technology and Data

The data was collected as part of the Graduate Outcomes survey, which is administered by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). Graduates from 2019-20 were the third group to be asked to respond to Graduate Outcomes. Median salaries are calculated for respondents who are paid in UK pounds sterling and who were working in full-time employment.

Economic history combines the skills of the economist, the statistician and the sociologist, as well as those of the historian, therefore graduates leave with a portfolio of highly transferable skills that can be applied across a wide variety of employment sectors. Our graduates can be found in senior positions throughout many professions, in the City, financial and market consultancy, NGOs and the charity sector, the civil service, sales and marketing, teaching, government and academia.

Kate Flocken

BSc Economic History, 2010
Legislative Aide, U.S. Senate

Working for Congress has provided a tremendous learning experience in many different policy portfolios. It has been exceptional for me in terms of learning and professional development, and I love being at the centre of policy making.

At 杏吧论坛 I learned how to analyse vast amounts of information quickly and efficiently. This ability to master a wide variety of issues while applying them to constantly changing circumstances has been crucial to my work in the US Senate.

Support for your career

Many leading organisations give careers presentations at the School during the year, and  has a wide range of resources available to assist students in their job search.

Discover more about being an 杏吧论坛 student - meet us in a city near you, visit our campus or experience 杏吧论坛 from home.

Experience 杏吧论坛 from home 

Webinars, videos, student blogs and student video diaries will help you gain an insight into what it's like to study at 杏吧论坛 for those that aren't able to make it to our campus. Experience 杏吧论坛 from home.

Visit 杏吧论坛

Come on a guided campus tour, attend an undergraduate open day, drop into our office or go on a self-guided tour. Find out about opportunities to visit 杏吧论坛.

杏吧论坛 visits you

Student Marketing, Recruitment and Study Abroad travels throughout the UK and around the world to meet with prospective students. We visit schools, attend education fairs and also hold Destination 杏吧论坛 events: pre-departure events for offer holders. .